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Which of these is a determinant for health?

A: Biological
B: Lifestyle
C: Environment
D: Health services
E: All of the above

What hormone is elevated in the morning resulting in an increased glucose level at this time?

A: Oestrogen
B: Insulin
C: Cortisol
D: TSH

Which of these hormones is important for Ca2+ regulation?

A: Cortisol
B: Aldosterone
C: ANP
D: Oestradiol
E: Parathyroid

From what cells in the pancreas is insulin secreted?

A: Alpha cells
B: Beta cells
C: Gamma cells
D: Delta cells
E: Epsilon cells

Which hormones function is to act to increase blood glucose levels?

A: Glycogen
B: Insulin
C: Cortisol
D: Glucagon
E: Somatostatin

Which of these is NOT a treatment option for Graves disease?

A: Total removal of thyroid
B: Partial Removal of thyroid
C: Antithyroid drugs to block hormone production
D: Hormone replacement therapy
E: Radioiodine therapy

Katy, a 40 year old woman, presents to the GP with complaints of bradycardia, constipation and depression. Upon further examination, the GP notes vitiligo on the patients hands and a generally pale skin colour. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A: Iron deficiency anaemia
B: Hypothyroidism
C: Type 2 Diabetes
D: Early menopause
E: Adrenal insufficiency

Which of these does 1,25D3 NOT do?

A: Decreases PTH secretion
B: Increases potassium absorption
C: Increases calcium absorption
D: Decrease urinary phosphate
E: Regulates transcriptional activity of osteoblast differentiation genes

What is the function of osteocytes?

A: Produces enzymes to digest bone and release minerals
B: As a bone forming cell it aids calcification and matrix production
C: To communicate with other bone cells
D: It is matrix which is yet to be mineralised
E: Produces acid for the release of minerals

Why are women more vulnerable to fractures in old age?

A: Woman undertake more risky behaviours
B: Women absorb less vitamin D
C: Loss of oestradiol for bone mass regulation
D: Since women live longer
E: Less testosterone leads to reduced bone mass

Which of these is NOT an intercellular junction type?

A: Tight Junctions
B: Adhering Belt
C: Desmosomes
D: Light Junctions
E: Gap Junctions

Which of the following is true about protein synthesis?

A: DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA at the start of transcription
B: The rate of transcription correlates to the rate of protein synthesis
C: Growth factors directly determine the start of transcription of a gene
D: Transcription factors and RNA polymerase both bind to a DNA binding domain to begin transcription
E: There is one transcription factor needed for every transcription cycle

What property of DNA code allows for silent mutations to occur?

A: Homology
B: Repetition
C: Degenerate
D: Polymorphisms
E: Self-repair

What is the sequence on the complementary strand of DNA if the sequence on the other strand is GTACTGTGGC?

A: CGGTGTCATG
B: CATGACACCG
C: CAUGACACCG
D: CGGUGUCAUG
E: GUACUGUGGC

What hormone is secreted by the blastocyst to maintain the uterus lining after fertilisation?

A: Oestrogen
B: Progesterone
C: hCG
D: FSH
E: LH

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